Pencipta dan Hamba

Dalam banyak kesempatan, kita menyatakan diri sebagai hamba Allah. Dulu, jika orang mau menyumbang tapi tak ingin diketahui namanya, ditulis dengan NN (No Name). Saat ini, kita menggantinya dengan “hamba Allah”. Tujuan awalnya memang untuk menghindari riya’.

Tapi, perkataan seperti itu bisa membuat diri kita pamer kepada orang lain bahwa kita ini orang shaleh. Kalau kita menyumbang ke suatu badan amal, yayasan atau yang lain, kita bisa tergoda untuk mengatakan dengan sefasih dan semantap mungkin, “Nama saya tidak perlu ditulis. Tulis saja dari hamba Allah.”

Berdasarkan ilmu tajwid, lafazh “Allah” dibaca tafkhîm (tebal) karena lam Jalâlah didahului fathah. Kalau memang itu yang kita lakukan—kita mengucapkan lafazh “Allah” semantap mungkin supaya terlihat seperti orang alim—apakah benar kita ini hamba-Nya? Marilah kita lihat apakah kita memang hamba Allah atau bukan.

Katakanlah kita mempunyai seorang tetangga sekaligus teman, yang dari segi harta dan pekerjaan tidak seberuntung kita. Karena dia teman kita, jika dia minta pertolongan, seketika itu juga kita membantunya. Bahkan kadang kala kita menawarkan diri untuk sedikit meringankan tugas dia, jika dia terlihat tidak bisa menyelesaikannya. Semua itu kita lakukan tanpa pamrih, kita benar-benar mengikhlaskan semuanya.

Dua tahun berlalu dan selama itu pula kita selalu melakukan yang dimintanya. Suatu hari, kendaraan kita sedang bermasalah. Karena buru-buru ingin ke kantor mengingat jam sudah menunjukkan pukul 07.30, kita minta diantarkan dia yang kebetulan sedang mendapat jadwal shift sore (15.00–23.00) di pabriknya. Kala itu dia sedang santai minum kopi hangat sambil membaca koran dan menikmati pisang goreng.

Ternyata, dia tidak mau mengantarkan kita. Dia malah berkata, “Kamu ini mengganggu orang saja. Tidak lihat apa, aku sedang menikmati sejuknya pagi. Minggu ini kan aku shift sore, jadi aku masih ingin istirahat. Kamu kan punya uang, naik taxi saja!”

Nah, apakah di dalam hati, kita tidak akan mengingat-ingat pertolongan kita padanya selama ini? Ataukah, kita berkata pada diri sendiri, “Dasar orang tidak tahu membalas budi! Awas, ya… Jangan harap aku akan menolongmu lagi!”

Jika kita masih mengingat kebaikan kita padanya, atau meminta balas budi darinya, apakah pantas kalau kita menyebut diri sebagai hamba Allah? Sedangkan pengertian hamba adalah orang yang melakukan sesuatu semata-mata untuk tuannya, tak ada urusan dengan orang lain.

Penulis pernah mendengar di sebuah acara radio, ada seseorang mengadukan keadaannya pada nara sumber. Dua tahun sebelumnya, ada pegawai baru di departemennya. Karena ingin berbuat baik, maka pegawai baru ini dibimbing, diberi arahan dan selalu dibantu. Memang dasarnya anak cerdas, pegawai baru tersebut naik pangkat dengan cepat. Masalahnya, sekarang ini jadi saingan, bahkan tega menjatuhkan sang mentor (penelpon) yang telah membimbingnya. Pegawai baru itu sekarang jadi musuh si penelpon. Si penelpon merasa sakit hati karena dulu dialah yang menolong. ‘Aidh al-Qarni menggambarkan peristiwa seperti ini dalam bait syairnya :

Tetapi sifat ini kadang kala justru terbalik, sahabat dijadikan musuh!
Aku ajari dia memanah setiap hari
Ketika lengannya menjadi kuat, ia malah memukulku
Betapa banyak aku ajarkan padanya bait-bait syair
Ketika ia mampu membuat syair, ia menyerangku

Nah, kalau kita berada di posisi si penelpon, apakah kita juga sakit hati? Kalau benar kita sakit hati karenanya, berarti kita tidak ikhlas menolongnya. Dalam hati, sebenarnya kita berharap agar suatu saat pegawai baru itu menolong kita. Apakah pantas kalau kita menolong orang lain, lalu kita berharap suatu saat dia juga membantu kita, kemudian dengan keyakinan penuh kita mengatakan bahwa kita hamba Allah?

Sesungguhnya Kami menurunkan kepadamu Kitab (Al Qur’an) dengan (membawa) kebenaran. Maka sembahlah Allah dengan memurnikan ketaatan kepada-Nya.
Ingatlah, hanya kepunyaan Allah-lah agama yang bersih (dari syirik).
(QS az-Zumar [39] : 2-3)

Padahal mereka tidak disuruh kecuali supaya menyembah Allah dengan memurnikan ketaatan kepada-Nya dalam (menjalankan) agama yang lurus.
(QS al-Bayyinah [98] : 5)

Sesungguhnya Kami memberi makanan kepadamu hanyalah untuk mengharapkan keridaan Allah, kami tidak menghendaki balasan dari kamu dan tidak pula (ucapan) terima kasih.
Sesungguhnya Kami takut akan (azab) Tuhan kami pada suatu hari yang (di hari itu) orang-orang bermuka masam penuh kesulitan.
(QS al-Insân [76] : 9-10)

Rasulullah saw. bersabda :

ثَلاَثٌ لاَيَغُلُّ عَلَيْهِمْ قَلْبُ مُسْلِمٍ : إِخْلاَصُ الْعَمَلِ ِللهِ تَعَالَى، وَمُنَاصَحَةُ وُلاَةِ اْلأُمُوْرِ، وَلُزُوْمُ جَمَاعَةِ الْمُسْلِمِيْنَ

Tiga perkara yang tidak bisa dikhianati hati seorang muslim, yaitu keikhlasan amal karena Allah SWT, saling menasihati dalam penguasaan masalah dan tetapnya jamaah umat Islam. (HR Ahmad)

Semua benda berpotensi dapat ternoda oleh benda lainnya. Jika benda itu bersih serta terhindar dari kotoran dan noda, maka disebut dengan khâlish (benda yang bersih) dan pekerjaan untuk membersihkannya disebut ikhlâshan. Bersihnya (khulush) susu dari hewan ternak adalah apabila tidak dicampuri oleh darah, kotoran atau sesuatu yang dapat mencampurinya.

Ikhlas adalah penjernihan perbuatan dari campuran semua makhluk atau pemeliharaan sikap dari pengaruh-pengaruh pribadi. Ikhlas adalah ruh amal, dan amal menunjukkan tegaknya iman.

Syaikh Ibnu Athaillah menuturkan, “Siapa menyembah Allah karena mengharapkan sesuatu yang lain, atau karena menolak bahaya yang akan menimpa dirinya, maka ia belum menunaikan tugasnya terhadap Allah sesuai dengan sifat-sifat yang dimiliki-Nya. Ada beraneka ragam jenis amal menurut situasi dan kondisi yang masuk ke dalam hati manusia. Kerangkanya adalah perbuatan yang jelas, sedangkan ruhnya adalah ikhlas.”

Imam Al-Qusyairi menasihatkan, “Ikhlas adalah penunggalan (peng-Esa-an) Al-Haqq dalam mengarahkan semua orientasi ketaatan. Ketaatan harus dimaksudkan untuk mendekatkan diri kepada Allah semata, tanpa yang lain, tanpa dibuat-buat, tanpa ditujukan untuk makhluk, tidak untuk mencari pujian manusia atau makna yang lain selain pendekatan diri pada Allah.”

Dzun Nun al-Mishri menjelaskan, “Ikhlas tidak akan sempurna kecuali dengan kebenaran (shidiq) dan sabar di dalam ikhlas. Shidiq tidak akan sempurna kecuali dengan ikhlas dan terus-menerus di dalam ikhlas.”

Lebih lanjut, al-Mishri menerangkan, “Ada tiga alamat yang menunjukkan keikhlasan seseorang, yaitu ketiadaan perbedaan antara pujian dan celaan, lupa memandang amal perbuatannya, dan lupa menuntut pahala atas amal perbuatannya—bahkan di kampung akhirat nanti.”

Abu Ya‘qub as-Susi membahas ikhlas lebih dalam lagi. Dia berkata, “Kapan saja seseorang masih memandang ikhlas dalam keikhlasannya, maka keikhlasannya membutuhkan keikhlasan.” Artinya, kita tidak boleh memandang amal kita dengan pandangan apa pun. Seringkali kita berkata, “Saya melakukan ini dengan ikhlas, koq.” Perkataan ini menurut Abu Ya‘qub as-Susi bisa dikategorikan belum ikhlas.

‘Aidh al-Qarni berpesan, “Jangan mengharap terima kasih dari seseorang. Tabiat untuk mengingkari, membangkang dan meremehkan suatu kenikmatan adalah penyakit yang lazim menimpa jiwa manusia. Karena itu, Anda tak perlu heran dan resah bila mendapatkan mereka mengingkari kebaikan yang pernah Anda berikan, juga mencampakkan budi baik yang telah Anda tunjukkan. Lupakan saja bakti yang telah Anda persembahkan. Bahkan, tak usah resah bila mereka sampai memusuhi Anda dengan sangat keji dan membenci Anda sampai mendarah daging, dan semua itu mereka lakukan setelah Anda berbuat baik kepada mereka.”

“Anda tidak perlu terkejut manakala menghadiahkan sebatang pena kepada orang bebal, lalu ia memakai pena itu untuk menulis cemoohan kepada Anda. Anda juga tak usah kaget bila orang yang Anda beri tongkat untuk menggiring domba gembalaannya justru memukulkan tongkat itu ke kepala Anda. Jangan pernah resah dan gundah ketika ‘tangan putih’ yang Anda ulurkan dibalas dengan tamparan menyakitkan. Itu semua adalah watak dasar manusia yang selalu mengingkari dan tak pernah bersyukur kepada Penciptanya sendiri Yang Maha Agung nan Mulia. Begitulah, kepada Tuhannya saja mereka berani membangkang dan mengingkari, apalagi kepada saya dan Anda.” Demikianlah kata ‘Aidh al-Qarni melanjutkan nasihatnya.

Daftar Pustaka :

• Abul Qasim Abdul Karim Hawazin al-Qusyairi an-Naisaburi, asy-Syaikh, “Risalah Qusyairiyah Sumber Kajian Ilmu Tasawuf (Ar-Risâlah al-Qusyairiyyah fî ‘Ilmi at-Tashawwuf)”, Pustaka Amani, Cetakan I : September 1998/Jumadil Ula 1419
• ‘Aidh al-Qarni, Dr, “Lâ Tahzan – Jangan Bersedih”, Qisthi Press, Cetakan Ketiga puluh enam : Januari 2007
• Sa‘id Hawwa, asy-Syaikh, “Kajian Lengkap Penyucian Jiwa “Tazkiyatun Nafs” (Al-Mustakhlash fi Tazkiyatil Anfus) – Intisari Ihya ‘Ulumuddin”, Pena Pundi Aksara, Cetakan IV : November 2006
• Djamal’uddin Ahmad Al Buny, “Mutu Manikam dari Kitab Al-Hikam (karya Syaikh Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Abdul Karim Ibnu Athaillah)”, Mutiara Ilmu Surabaya, Cetakan ketiga : 2000
• Muhammad bin Ibrahim Ibnu ‘Ibad, asy-Syaikh, “Syarah al-Hikam”
• Muhammad Basori Alwi Murtadho, Kyai, “Pokok-Pokok Ilmu Tajwid”, Pesantren Ilmu Al-Qur’an (PIQ) Malang, Cetakan XVII : September 1993

dari Achmad Faisol (blog sebelah)

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Kisah Para Nabi

Setelah Allah s.w.t.menciptakan bumi dengan gunung-gunungnya,laut-lautannya dan tumbuh-tumbuhannya,menciptakan langit dengan mataharinya,bulan dan bintang-bintangnya yang bergemerlapan menciptakan malaikat-malaikatnya ialah sejenis makhluk halus yangdiciptakan untuk beribadah menjadi perantara antara Zat Yang Maha Kuasa dengan hamba-hamba terutama para rasul dan nabinya maka tibalah kehendak Allah s.w.t. untuk menciptakan sejenis makhluk lain yang akan menghuni dan mengisi bumi memeliharanya menikmati tumbuh-tumbuhannya,mengelola kekayaan yang terpendam di dalamnya dan berkembang biak turun-temurun waris-mewarisi sepanjang masa yang telah ditakdirkan baginya.

Kisah Para Nabi, download, |CHM/HLP,  404 KB

Tekanan Darah Tnggi

High Blood Pressure for Dummies (Health & Fitness)
New info on high blood pressure in women, children, and the elderly
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The fun and easy way to take charge of hypertension and add years to your life!
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Woman Health

“This is an attractive book: visually pleasing charts and tables complement the accessible outline format…The Handbook of Women’s Health is packed with an abundance of useful information and will provide any practitioner of ambulatory medicine an ample resource on female health care.” Magnolia Clinic

Product Description
This practical handbook provides a clear and comprehensive evidence-based primary-care guide to the care of women patients in ambulatory practice, intended for general and family practitioners, nurses, physicians’ assistants and all who practice primary care of women. It emphasizes preventive care and well-woman care throughout the lifecycle of a woman, including sexuality, contraception, medical care in pregnancy, psychological and important medical concerns. It stresses the strength of evidence underlying common practices of care of women.

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Health Behavior

Product Description
The amount of research on the prevalence and nature of various forms of anxiety disorders, problematic health behaviors, and physical illness has significantly accumulated, yet there has been no systematic integration of the research in science and practice.

Anxiety in Health Behaviors and Physical Illness is a single resource that offers theoretical perspectives and reviews of research on the link between health behaviors and physical illness to anxiety. The authors explore the idea of reciprocal relations between anxiety and health factors throughout the developmental course. Special attention is devoted to the mechanisms by which certain health factors (e.g. physical exercise) may play a role in the onset or maintenance of particular anxiety disorders.

About the Author
Michael J. Zvolensky received his doctoral degree in clinical psychology from West Virginia University in 2001. He is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Vermont and Director of the Anxiety and Health Research Laboratory and Clinic. His work is funded through the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of Mental Health, and Anxiety Disorder Association of America.

Jasper A. J. Smits received his Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the University of Texas at Austin. As part of his research and clinical training, he completed a fellowship at Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital. Dr. Smits’ research has been recognized by awards from the Anxiety Disorders Association of America as well as the Society for a Science of Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association. Dr. Smits joined the Department of Psychology at Southern Methodist University as an Assistant Professor in 2004, where he directs the Anxiety Research & Treatment Program.

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Men’s Health AMA

If you’re male and have a health question, this is the place to find an answer. This ambitious, 500-page book from the American Medical Association is a thorough guide for keeping a man’s body healthy, making sense of his system, and understanding specific health concerns. Part 1, “The Healthy Man,” gives a quick overview of diet, exercise, weight management, alcohol, drugs, tobacco, and safety in 40 pages, including information you think you should know but maybe don’t, like how to read a food label, manage medications, and check for home safety hazards. Part 2, “Staying Healthy,” goes into more detail about diet, exercise, and weight management, and introduces preventive healthcare (e.g., medical screening tests and self-examinations), emotional health, and avoiding risky behavior and violence. Part 3, “The Reproductive System,” covers male sexuality, including reproductive disorders, STDs, birth control, and treatments for erectile dysfunction. Part 4, “Common Health Concerns,” comprising more than half the book, covers common male medical conditions and how to prevent and/or treat them. The writing is straightforward and serious (no wittiness or jokes), like a consultation with a trusted physician. The book covers so many topics that its treatment of any one condition is far from comprehensive, but it’s an excellent reference and a starting place for learning about your health issues. –Joan Price

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“Men are often reluctant to discuss issues that are important to their general health and well being. This one-of-a-kind guide provides helpful information in an easy-to-read format on major health concerns including diet and nutrition, exercise, sexuality, and emotional health. This guide should help men make better decisions about their health.” —Jeffrey P. Koplan, M.D., M.P.H., Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

These secrets are 100 of the top board alerts

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They summarize the concepts, principles, and most salient details of pediatric practice.

1. Methods to increase compliance by adolescents with medical regimens include the following: simplifying the regimen, making the patient responsible, discussing potential side effects, using praise liberally, and educating the patient.
2. A pelvic examination is not required before prescribing oral contraceptives for teenagers without risk factors. Appropriate screening for sexually transmitted diseases and possible cervical dysplasia can be scheduled, but delaying oral contraception unnecessarily increases the risk of pregnancy.
3. Emergency contraception should be discussed with all sexually active adolescents; 90% of teenage pregnancies are unintended.
4. Teenagers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorders are at high risk for substance abuse disorders. Substance abuse is often associated with comorbid psychiatric disorders.
5. Calluses over the metacarpophalangeal joints of the index and/or middle fingers (Russell sign) may indicate repetitive trauma from self-induced attempts at vomiting in patients with eating disorders.
6. Appreciating that ADHD is a chronic condition (like asthma or diabetes) is useful for management strategies, follow up, and ongoing patient/parental education and involvement.
7. Although colic is common and resolves spontaneously by 3 months, do not underestimate the physical and psychological impact of the condition on a family.
8. Bilingual children develop speech milestones normally; two-language households should not be presumed as a cause of speech delay.
9. Most amblyopia is unilateral; vision testing solely with both eyes open is inadequate.
10. Congenitally missing or misshapen teeth can be markers for hereditary syndromes.
11. Syncope in a deaf child should lead one to suspect prolongation of the QT wave on the electrocardiogram.
12. Bounding pulses in an infant with congestive heart failure should cause one to consider a large patient ductus arteriosus.
13. If a bruit is heard over the anterior fontanel in a newborn with congestive heart failure, suspect a systemic arteriovenous fistula.
14. The chief complaint in a child with congestive heart failure may be nonspecific abdominal pain.
15. Diastolic murmurs are never innocent and deserve further cardiac evaluation.
16. Patients with atypical Kawasaki disease (documented by coronary artery abnormalities despite not fulfilling classic criteria) are usually younger (<1 year old) and most commonly lack cervical adenopathy and extremity changes.
17. Neonates with midline lumbosacral lesions (e.g., sacral pits, hypertrichosis, lipomas) should have screening imaging of the spine performed to search for occult spinal dysraphism.
18. Hemangiomas in the “beard distribution” may be associated with internal airway hemangiomas.
19. Infantile acne necessitates an endocrine workup to rule out precocious puberty.
20. If a child develops psoriasis for the first time or has a flare of existing disease, look for streptococcal pharyngitis.
21. Look for associated autoimmune thyroiditis in children who present with a family history of thyroid disease and extensive alopecia areata or vitiligo.
22. Most cardiac arrests in children are secondary to respiratory arrest. Therefore, early recognition of respiratory distress and failure in children is crucial.
23. Because children are much more elastic than adults, beware of internal injuries after trauma; these can occur without obvious skeletal injuries.
24. Because children get colder faster than adults as the result of a higher ratio of body surface area to body mass, be sure that hypothermia is not compounding hemodynamic instability in a pediatric trauma patient in shock.
25. Hypotension and excessive fluid restriction should be avoided at all costs in the child in shock with severe head injury because such a patient is highly sensitive to secondary brain injury from hypotension.
26. The most common finding upon the examination of a child’s genitalia after suspected sexual abuse is a normal examination.
27. Because the size of a normal hymenal opening in a prepubertal child can vary significantly, the quality and smoothness of the contours of the hymenal opening, including tears and scarring, are more sensitive indicators of sexual abuse.
28. Palpation for an enlarged or nodular thyroid is one of the most overlooked parts of the pediatric physical examination in all age groups.
29. Because 20-40% of solitary thyroid nodules in adolescents are malignant, an expedited evaluation is needed if a nodule is discovered.
30. Unless a blood sugar level is checked, the diagnosis of new-onset diabetic ketoacidosis can be delayed because abdominal pain can mimic appendicitis, and hyperventilation can mimic pneumonia.
31. Beware of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and possible cerebral edema if a normal or low sodium level begins to fall with fluid replenishment during the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis.
32. Acanthosis nigricans is found in 90% of youth diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
33. Growth hormone deficiency present during the first year of life is associated with hypoglycemia; after the age of 5 years, it is associated with short stature.
34. Fecal soiling is associated with severe functional constipation.
35. More than 40% of infants regurgitate effortlessly more than once a day.
36. Nasogastric lavage is a simple method for differentiating upper gastrointestinal bleeding from lower gastrointestinal bleeding.
37. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia in any child is abnormal and deserves further investigation.
38. Potential long-term complications of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease include chronic growth failure, abscesses, fistulas, nephrolithiasis, and toxic megacolon.
39. Bilious emesis in a newborn represents a sign of potential obstruction and is a true gastrointestinal emergency.
40. In patients with Down syndrome and behavioral problems, do not overlook hearing loss (both sensorineural and conductive); it occurs in up to two thirds of patients with this condition, and it can be a possible contributor to those types of problems.
41. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is indicated for the rapid diagnosis of trisomies 13 and 18 and multiple syndromes in children with moderate to severe mental retardation and apparently normal chromosomes (subtelomeric FISH probes).
42. Three or more minor malformations should raise concern about the presence of a major malformation.
43. The diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome is problematic in infants because facial growth and development can modify previously diagnostic features over a 4- to 6-year period.
44. Diabetes mellitus is the most common teratogenic state; insulin-dependent diabetic mothers have infants with an eight-fold increase in structural anomalies.
45. An infant with nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss should be tested for mutations in the connexin 26 gene. Mutations in that gene contribute to at least about 50% of autosomal recessive hearing loss and about 10-20% of all prelingual hearing loss.
46. In children <12 years old, the lower limit of normal for the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) can be estimated as 70 + (the child’s age in years)/mm³. For a patient that is more than 12 years old, the lower limit for a normal MCV is 82/mm³.
47. In the setting of microcytosis, an elevated red blood cell distribution width index suggests a diagnosis of iron deficiency rather than thalassemia.
48. After iron supplementation for iron-deficiency anemia, the reticulocyte count should double in 1-2 weeks, and hemoglobin should increase by 1 gm/dL in 2-4 weeks. The most common reason for persistence of iron deficiency anemia is poor compliance with supplementation.
49. Children with elevated lead levels are at increased risk for iron deficiency anemia because lead competitively inhibits the absorption of iron.
50. Chronic transfusion therapy to reduce sickle hemoglobin levels to 30-40% of the total lowers the likelihood of stroke.
51. Because 30% of patients with hemophilia have no family history of the disorder, clinical suspicion is important in the presence of excessive and frequent ecchymoses.
52. Marked neutropenia (<500/mm³ absolute neutrophil count) in a previously healthy child often heralds the onset of overwhelming sepsis.
53. The determination of immunoglobulin G subclass concentrations is meaningless in children who are less than 4 years old.
54. Neutrophil deficiency should be considered in a newborn with a delayed separation of the umbilical cord (>3 weeks).
55. Clinical features of autoimmunity do not exclude the diagnosis of a primary immunodeficiency.
56. A male child with a liver abscess should be considered to have chronic granulomatous disease until it is proven otherwise.
57. The most common congenital infection is cytomegalovirus, which in some large screening studies occurs in up to 1.3% of newborns, although most of these infants remain asymptomatic.
58. Up to 25% of infants <28 days old with bacterial sepsis and positive blood cultures will have culture-confirmed meningitis.
59. Erythematous papules with a pale center (“doughnut lesions”) located on the hard and soft palates are pathognomonic for streptococcal pharyngitis.
60. The red man syndrome, which is a complication of vancomycin administration, can usually be avoided by slowing the rate of drug infusion or by premedicating with diphenhydramine.
61. A petechial-purpuric rash in a glove-and-stocking distribution should raise the possibility of infection with parvovirus B19.
62. Perinatal asphyxia accounts for less than 15% of cases of cerebral palsy.
63. Because primary and secondary apnea are indistinguishable in newborns, the initial clinical response should be identical in the delivery room.
64. Hyperbilirubinemia is generally not an indication for the cessation of breast feeding but rather for increasing its frequency.
65. Sepsis is in the differential diagnosis of virtually every neonatal sign and symptom.
66. Breast feeding lowers the risks of necrotizing enterocolitis and nosocomial sepsis.
67. Ten percent of febrile infants with documented urinary tract infections have normal urinalyses; this emphasizes the importance of obtaining a urine culture if clinical risk factors are present.
68. Vigorous correction of constipation has been shown to diminish both enuresis and the frequency of urinary tract infections.
69. Chromosomal and endocrinologic evaluation should be done if testes are bilaterally undescended and nonpalpable or one or two testicles are undescended with hypospadias present.
70. In patients with acute renal failure, the measurement of urinary indices (urine sodium concentration, fractional excretion of sodium, urine specific gravity, and osmolality) should be done before initiating any therapy to help distinguish between prerenal, renal, and postrenal etiologies.
71. The two most productive facets of patient evaluation to explain renal disease as a possible cause of symptoms are as follows: (1) the measurement of blood pressure and (2) the examination of the first morning void after the bladder is emptied of urine stored overnight (when a specimen is most likely to be concentrated).
72. The most common cause of persistent seizures is an inadequate serum antiepileptic level.
73. Antiepileptic drugs in tablet and capsule form produce less variation in blood concentrations than liquid preparations, particularly suspensions, do.
74. Resist polypharmacy: three or more medications have not been shown to improve seizure control as compared with one or two drugs, and side effects and compliance become much more problematic.
75. The diagnosis of cerebral palsy is rarely made at <1 year old because neurologic findings in infancy are subject to significant change.
76. Migraine headaches are usually bilateral in children but unilateral (75%) in adults.
77. Seizures with fever in patients older than 6 years of age should not be considered febrile seizures.
78. Children with fever and neutropenia must continue to receive broad-spectrum antibiotics until definitive signs of marrow recovery are documented, typically with the presence of a peripheral monocytosis and an absolute neutrophil count >200/mm³ and rising.
79. Empiric antifungal agents are administered to children with neutropenia who remain febrile or develop new fever within 3 to 7 days of starting broad-spectrum antibiotics because the risk of invasive fungal infection increases with the duration and depth of neutropenia.
80. After age and white blood cell count, early response to therapy is the most important prognostic feature for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
81. Leukemias and lymphomas that have a high proliferation and cell turnover rate (e.g., Burkitt’s lymphoma, T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia) place patients at the highest risk of complications from tumor lysis syndrome.
82. Eighty percent or more of patients who present with acute lymphoblastic leukemia have a normochromic, normocytic anemia with reticulocytopenia.
83. Because it changes more quickly as inflammation changes, C-reactive protein is better than sedimentation rate for monitoring the response to therapy in patients with osteomyelitis.
84. Pseudoparalysis (with decreased arm or leg movement) with no systemic illness may be a presenting sign in an infant with osteomyelitis.
85. Back pain is atypical for scoliosis and may point to another diagnosis.
86. Consider magnetic resonance imaging for patients with scoliosis and the less common left-sided thoracic curves because 5-7% of these patients can have intraspinal abnormalities (e.g., hydromelia).
87. A plain x-ray is unreliable in the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants less than 6 months of age because ossification of the femoral head is incomplete.
88. Older children with unexplained unilateral deformities (e.g., pes cavus) of an extremity should have screening magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate for intraspinal disease.
89. Asthma rarely causes clubbing in children. Consider other diseases, particularly cystic fibrosis.
90. Most children with recurrent pneumonia or persistent right middle lobe atelectasis have asthma. But … all that wheezes is not asthma.
91. Home peak flow monitoring is most helpful in those asthmatic patients with very labile disease or poor symptom recognition.
92. A normal respiratory rate strongly argues against a bacterial pneumonia.
93. Upper lobe pneumonias with radiation of pain to the neck can cause meningismus and mimic appendicitis; lower lobe pneumonias can present with abdominal pain.
94. Nasal polyps or rectal prolapse in children suggests cystic fibrosis.
95. The three most common causes of anaphylaxis in pediatric hospitals and emergency departments are latex, food, and drugs. Suspected allergies to shellfish, peanuts, and nuts warrant a prescription for an epinephrine pen because of the increased risk of future anaphylaxis.
96. Up to 10% of normal, healthy children may have low-level (1:10) positive-antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing that will remain positive. Without clinical or laboratory features of disease, it is of no significance.
97. The daily spiking fevers of systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis can precede the development of arthritis by weeks to months.
98. Antistreptolysin O antibodies are positive in only 80% of patients with acute rheumatic fever. Test for anti-DNase B antibodies to increase the likelihood to more than 95% when diagnosing a recent group A beta-hemolytic infection.
99. Because up to 10% of patients can have asymptomatic Borrelia burgdorferi infection and because both immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibodies to B. burgdorferi can persist for 10-20 years, the diagnosis of Lyme disease in older children and adolescents can be tricky in patients with atypical clinical presentations.
100. Abdominal pain (mimicking an acute abdomen) and arthritis can frequently precede the rash in Henoch-Schönlein purpura disease and thus confuse the diagnosis.

Soal Jawab Pediatri, downoad | rar.CHM 596 KB

Riwayat Nabi Muhammad SAW

MUHAMMAD, ‘alaihi’sh-shalatu wassalam
Dengan nama yang begitu mulia, jutaan bibir setiap hari mengucapkannya, jutaan jantung setiap saat berdenyut, berulang kali. Bibir dan jantung yang bergerak dan berdenyut sejak seribu tiga ratus limapuluh tahun. Dengan nama yang begitu mulia, berjuta bibir akan terus mengucapkan, berjuta jantung akan terus berdenyut, sampai akhir zaman

Pada setiap hari di kala fajar menyingsing, lingkaran-lingkaran putih di ufuk sana mulai nampak hendak menghalau kegelapan malam, ketika itu seorang muazzin bangkit, berseru kepada setiap makhluk insani, bahwa bangun bersembahyang lebih baik daripada terus tidur. Ia mengajak mereka bersujud kepada Allah, membaca selawat buat Rasulullah.

Seruan ini disambut oleh ribuan, oleh jutaan umat manusia dari segenap penjuru bumi, menyemarakkannya dengan salat menyambut pahala dan rahmat Allah bersamaan dengan terbitnya hari baru. Dan bila hari siang, mataharipun berangkat pulang, kini muazzin bangkit menyerukan orang bersembahyang lohor, lalu salat asar, magrib, isya. Pada setiap kali dalam sembahyang ini mereka menyebut Muhammad, hamba Allah, Nabi dan RasulNya itu, dengan penuh permohonan, penuh kerendahan hati dan syahdu. Dan selama mereka dalam rangkaian sembahyang lima waktu itu, bergetar jantung mereka menyebut asma Allah dan menyebut nama Rasulullah. Begitulah mereka, dan akan begitu mereka, setelah Allah memperlihatkan agama yang sebenarnya ini dan melimpahkan nikmatNya kepada seluruh umat manusia.

Riwayat Hidup Nabi Muhammad SAW, download | HLP, 663 KB